Energy efficiency of buildings is becoming an increasingly important issue in the modern world. The predominant number of buildings in Ukraine were constructed before the 80s of the twentieth century, and the issue of improving the energy efficiency of buildings is becoming even more critical. One of the key tools in the world's best practices for assessing energy saving potential and developing a set of energy efficiency measures for buildings is dynamic energy modeling. The use of dynamic 3D energy modeling allows analyzing energy balances of various details for building zones, enclosures, taking into account the nature of heat exchange variability of internal and external factors, etc. In this work, using the EnergyPlus software, synchronized with the graphical interface of the DesignBuilder software environment, we have studied the energy balances of a residential building located in Kyiv (Ukraine), which belongs to a temperate continental climate with a heating season of 6 months. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of air exchange, massiveness and thermal protection of enclosures, heating system operation mode, and building orientation on the components of the energy dynamic balance in buildings. Energy modeling makes it possible to study the dynamics of change and the importance of the components of these energy flows and develop strategies for their optimization and/or consideration of their impact when selecting specifications and establishing control of engineering systems not only for the considered building but also for other buildings of this type. The results of the study make it possible to select the required level and predict the operating modes of heating to ensure a comfortable microclimate and energy savings.