Current status of carbon capture and storage technology development in Poland

Poland faces challenges of decarbonizing its economy while maintaining energy security through different strategies to achieve net-zero emission goals by 2050. In this context, the study presents the current status of the development of carbon capture and storage technology (CCS) in Poland, while also analyzing the main projects and legislative considerations related to their implementation. The chain of CCS technologies is seen as an important part of the decarbonization strategy of the Polish energy sector as well as industries with hard-to-abate carbon dioxide emissions, but its development confront numerous difficulties, both technological and regulatory. The work discusses key initiatives being implemented in Poland, such as pilot projects and feasibility studies, and compares them with the experience of other European countries. It also analyses the current state of CCS regulations in Poland, including the European directives and the national legal framework, which are crucial for further CCS deployment. Based on the available data, the potential for the development of CCS in Poland is assessed and the main barriers and opportunities facing the implementation of this technology are identified in the context of the national climate and energy policy.